![]() Species recorded as road casualties included coyote Canis latrans, black bear Ursus americanus, wolf Canis lupus, bighorn sheep Ovis Canadensis, moose Alces alces, deer Odocoileus spp. 2001) found that wildlife overpasses, underpasses and roadside barrier fencing reduced road deaths of large mammals. Fifth Infra EcoNetwork Europe (IENE) Meeting report.Ī replicated, before-and-after study in 1981–1999 in temperate mixed woodland and grassland in Alberta, Canada (Clevenger et al. (1999) The use of wildlife overpasses by mammals: Results from infrared video surveys in Switzerland, Germany, France, and the Netherlands. Animal tracks were monitored for 15–22 days/month between September 1991 and July 1992. Sand, 3 cm thick and 1 m wide, was put at one entrance to each. Two flyovers (small roads) crossing a 25-km section of a high-speed railway were monitored. No deer or wild boar Sus scrofa were recorded using overpasses or underpasses. Tracks of four carnivore species, red fox Vulpes vulpes, wild cat Felis silvestris, common genet Genetta genetta and Iberian lynx Lynx pardinus, were recorded. Small mammals were recorded, with data combined between two overpasses and 15 underpasses, 582 times (37/100 passage-days) and brown hare Lepus granatensis and European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus, 89 times (5/100 passage-days). 1996) found that two flyovers not designed for wildlife were used to cross the railway by small mammals, but not by deer or wild boar Sus scrofa. The Canadian Field-Naturalist, 88, 187-190.Ī study in 1991–1992 along a high-speed railway within agricultural land in Castilla La Mancha, Spain (Rodriguez et al. (1974) Use of highway overpass embankments by the woodchuck, Marmota monax. Referenced paper Doucet J.G., Sarrazin J.P.R & Bider J.R. A global review of crossing structures (including overpasses) found that all studies reported that the majority of crossings were used by wildlife. A review of crossing structures in Australia, Europe and North America found that overpasses were used by a range of mammals, particularly larger mammal species. A wide range of mammals was reported using overpasses, including rodents and shrews, rabbits and hares, carnivores, ungulates, bears, marsupials and short-beaked echidna. Use (21 studies): Nineteen studies, in North America, Europe and Australia, found that overpasses were used by mammals.In two of these studies, data from overpasses and underpasses were combined for analysis. Survival (4 studies): Four studies (including three before-and-after studies), in Canada, Sweden and Australia, found that overpasses (in combination with roadside fencing) reduced collisions between vehicles and mammals.Seven studies were in Canada, three were in Spain, three were in Australia, two were in Sweden, one each was in the Netherlands, Germany, Croatia and the USA, and three (including two reviews) were conducted across multiple countries. Twenty-two studies evaluated the effects on mammals of installing overpasses over roads or railways.See also: Install tunnels/culverts/underpass under railways and Install tunnels/culverts/underpass under roads. ![]() Studies mostly report on the use of such structures, such as the number of crossings made, rather than on wider population-level effects of their presence. Studies summarised within this intervention cover both overpasses created specifically for wildlife and those that were created for other purposes but where information about use of such structures by mammals is included. Overpasses are often used in combination with wildlife barrier fences that prevent animals accessing the road and which funnel animals toward the overpasses (see Install barrier fencing along roads and Install barrier fencing along railways). A range of different structures can be used as overpasses including purpose-built “green bridges”, on which natural vegetation is established, through to multi-use crossings that are accessible to wildlife. Wildlife overpasses are constructed to provide safe road and rail crossing opportunities for wildlife.
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